Introduction
Allahabad, also known as Prayag, is a city in Uttar Pradesh, India, located on the Ganges (Ganga) and Yamuna rivers. The Pillar of Ashoka is located in this historic holy city, which is revered by Hindu visitors. The current city was constructed in 1583 by the Mughal emperor Akbar, and it was handed to the British in 1801. During the 1857 Indian Mutiny, a major uprising occurred in Allahabad. It was subsequently a focal point of the Indian independence struggle as the Nehru family’s house. The Jami Masjid (Great Mosque) and Allahabad University are both located here.
Prayagraj was built on the ruins of the ancient city of Prayag, which was as revered as Varanasi and Haridwar in its day. The inscriptions on a pillar ascribed to the Mauryan emperor Ashoka, who ruled in the 3rd century BCE, testify to the prominence of Prayag during the early Buddhist period of Indian history.
In Mughal times, the pillar—believed to have been created in a neighbouring town and relocated to Prayagraj—remains within the doorway of the ancient Prayagraj fort, which is placed strategically at the confluence of the two rivers. Hinduism’s reverence for this location endures. The confluence of the Ganges and the Yamuna rivers hosts a celebration every year, while the Kumbh Mela attracts millions of pilgrims every 12 years.
When Akbar visited the area in 1575, he was so enamoured with its strategic importance that he ordered a fort to be built there. Originally known as Ilahabas, or “Abode of God,” the fort was built in 1584 and renamed Allahabad by Shah Jahan. However, there are rumours about its name. Some people[who?] believe that Alhabas was called after Alha from Alha’s narrative as a result of the surrounding people calling it Alhabas.
Jahangir failed in his attempt to destroy the Akshayavat tree, according to James Forbes’ storey from the early 1800s. However, Ilahabas and Ilahabad have been listed on city coins since Akbar’s tenure, with the latter name becoming prominent after the emperor’s death. Ilahabas is the more common name. It is also possible that it was called after ilaha rather than Allah (the gods). As stated in Prayag Pradip by Shaligram Shrivastav, this name was provided by Akbar so that it might be perceived as both Hindu and Muslim (“Allah”).
History
The Ancient Past
The Rigveda Pariia (supplement to the Rigveda, ca. 1200–1000 BCE) is the earliest source that mentions Prayga and the related trip. Buddhist scriptures, such as Majjhima Nikaya’s section 1.7, declare that Payaga (Skt: Prayaga) cannot wash away harsh or bad acts; rather, one must be pure in heart and fair-minded in behaviour to be virtuous.
To make amends for past transgressions and remorse, the Mahabharata references a bathing trip to Prayag. “The one who keeps solid [ethical] vows, having washed at Prayaga during Magha, O greatest of the Bharatas, becomes immaculate and achieves heaven,” the epic declares in Tirthayatra Parva before the great conflict. While this bathing pilgrimage is described as “geographical tirtha” by the epic, it is also described as a “tirth of the heart” (tirth of the mind) where one lives by ideals like honesty, generosity, self-control and patience, among other things.
According to the Agni Purana and other Puranas, Prayaga is one of the places Brahma attended an homa, and the confluence of river Ganges, Yamuna, and the legendary Saraswati site is the king of pilgrimage destinations in the Hindu faith (Tirtha Raj). Among the earliest tales of Prayag’s significance to Hinduism are the many versions of the Prayaga Mahatmya, which date back to the late 1st century CE.
Prayag is described in Purana-genre Sanskrit books as “bustling with pilgrims, priests, sellers, beggars, guides, and local inhabitants active near the confluence of the rivers” (Sangam). Also referenced in the Hindu epic Ramayana is the fabled Ashram of sage Bharadwaj, which is located near the town of Prayaga.
Archaeology and inscriptions
This city’s antiquity is further complicated by inscriptions found on the famous Ashoka edicts, which include Allahabad’s pillar (sometimes known as the Prayaga Bull pillar). Northern Black Polished Ware, which dates back between 600 and 700 BCE, has been unearthed. As far as Dilip Kumar Chakrabarti is concerned, there is no evidence that Prayag (modern Allahabad) was an ancient city, but it is also impossible that there was no city at the holiest pilgrimage location in Hinduism. According to Chakrabarti, Jhusi, the city opposite the confluence, was the “old town of Prayag”. Since the 1950s, archaeologists have discovered human sites around the Sangam that dates back to around 800 BCE.
These dates, which relate to around 1575 CE, validate the significance of Prayag and its name. According to Cunningham, a Muslim Sultan transported this pillar to Allahabad from Kaushambi, and the former city of Prayag had been vacated in a later century before Akbar. Others, such as Krishnaswamy and Ghosh, aren’t so sure.
Based on the inscription dates on the pillar, the absence of textual support for the shift in records left by Muslim historians, and the difficulties of lifting the large pillar, they claim that the monument was always at its current site in 1935 study. They also observed, as Cunningham did, that many smaller inscriptions were added to the pillar throughout time.
The dates on several of these inscriptions range from 1319 to 1575 CE, and the majority of them allude to the month of Magha. These dates, according to Krishnaswamy and Ghosh, are most likely connected to the Magh Mela pilgrimage in Prayag, which is mentioned in ancient Hindu literature.
In articles released around 1979, John Irwin, an Indian Art History and Archaeology specialist, agreed with Krishnaswamy and Ghosh that the Allahabad pillar was never relocated and remained at the confluence of the rivers Ganges and Yamuna.
According to Irwin, an examination of the minor inscriptions and ancient scribblings on the pillar first noticed by Cunningham and also noted by Krishnaswamy and Ghosh reveals that the latter “always turns out to be Magha, which also gives it name to the Magh Mela,” the Hindu Prayaga bathing pilgrimage festival.
He went on to say that the pillars’ origins were unmistakably pre-Ashokan, citing fresh evidence from archaeological and geological investigations of the Triveni site (Prayaga), major and minor inscriptions, and literary evidence. Archaeological and geological investigations conducted since the 1950s, according to Irwin, have indicated that the rivers – notably the Ganges – took a different path in the distant past than they do now.
The old Ganges route at the Prayaga confluence contained villages going back to the 8th century BCE. The Irwin papers “showed definitely that the pillar did not originate at Kaushambi,” but had existed at Prayaga from pre-Buddhist times, according to Karel Werner, an Indologist noted for his research on religion, notably Buddhism.
Medieval Period
In Fascicle V of Dà Táng Xyù J (Great Tang Records on the Western Regions), the 7th-century Buddhist Chinese explorer Xuanzang (Hiuen Tsang) expressly cites Prayaga as both a nation and a “great city” where the Yamuna river joins the Ganges river. He claims that the magnificent metropolis includes hundreds of “deva temples” and that two Buddhist institutions are located to the south of the city (a stupa built by Ashoka and a monastery).
In his memoir from 644 CE, he recalls Hindu bathing rites at the river’s confluence, where people fast near it and then bathe, thinking that this wipes away their sins. The Grand Place of Almsgiving attracts wealthy individuals and rulers who flock to this “great metropolis” to give away charity.
The confluence lies to the east of this “great city” and the spot where alms are delivered every day, according to Xuanzang’s travelogue. [54] [55] According to emails from other scholars and a more recent interpretation of the 7th-century Xuanzang memoir, Prayag was also an important site in 7th-century India for a Buddhist festival, according to Kama MacLean, an Indologist who has published articles on the Kumbh Mela primarily based on colonial archives and English-language media.
She claims that the Xuanzang celebrations at Prayag included a Buddha statue and alms distribution, as per Buddhist customs. [57] Xuanzang writes that the alms-giving place is a deva temple, and the alms-giving practise is encouraged by the “records at this temple,” according to Li Rongxi, a scholar credited with a modern and comprehensive translation of a critical edition of the Dà Táng Xyù J. Rongxi goes on to say that the majority of Prayaga’s residents were heretics (non-Buddhists, Hindus) and that deva-worshipping heretics, as well as orthodox Buddhists, attended the festival.
Xuanzang also discusses a ritual-suicide practice at Prayaga before concluding that it is ludicrous. He speaks about a tree with “bad spirits” that stands in front of another deva shrine. People commit suicide by leaping from it, believing they would go to paradise as a result.
According to Ariel Glucklich, a Hinduism and Anthropology of Religion expert, the Xuanzang memoir cites both superstitious devotional suicide and a narrative of how a Brahmin from a previous age attempted to put a stop to this practice. Alexander Cunningham thought Xuanzang’s tree was the Akshayavat tree. It still existed at the time of Al-Biruni, who referred to it as “Prayaga,” and was located near the confluence of the Ganga and Yamuna rivers.
Before the Mughal emperor Akbar, Hindu and Buddhist literature used the title Prayag and never Allahabad or its derivatives. Its history before the reign of Mughal Emperor Akbar is unknown. In contrast to Xuanzang’s storey, Muslim historians situate the tree near the confluence of the rivers. According to historian Dr D. B. Dubey, the sandy plain was washed away by the Ganges between this period, to the extent that the temple and tree seen by the Chinese traveller were washed away, with the river later changing its course to the east and the confluence shifting to the place where Akbar laid the foundations of his fort.
Miers, Henry Elliot thought that a town existed before the establishment of Allahabad. He goes on to say that after Mahmud of Ghazni took Asn near Fatehpur, he couldn’t have marched into Bundelkhand without stopping at Allahabad if the city was worth robbing. He goes on to say that it should have been heard when Muhammad of Ghor took Benares. Ghori’s historians, on the other hand, were completely unaware of it. According to Akbarnama, the Mughal emperor Akbar created a large city near Allahabad. ‘ According to Abd al-Qadir Bada’uni and Nizamuddin Ahmad, Akbar established the foundations of an Imperial City called Ilahabas there.
Allahabad’s British Heritage
Since the time of the Mughals, Allahabad has been a preferred location for the British East India Company and the British Raj. When Lord Canning read the famous royal proclamation stating that Queen Victoria had taken direct administration of British India from the East India Company on November 1, 1858, few in India were aware of it.
Prayagraj has been renamed Allahabad, yet the British heritage can still be observed in the city’s prominent British landmarks.
The city of Ilahabas, established by Akbar, became the capital of his son Shah Salim (later Emperor Jahangir) after he was crowned at Allahabad fort in 1600CE.
After the battle of Jhunsi, Prince Khurram (later known as Shah Jahan) attacked Allahabad in 1623 CE in his insurrection against Emperor Jahangir and Nur Jehan. When Aurangzeb declared himself Emperor of India in 1659 CE, he also expelled his brothers from this fort.
Battles between the later Mughal dynasty and the city’s well-armed garrison fort went on for many years.
The Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II, Nawab Shuja-ud-Daulah of Awadh, and Nawab Mir Qasim of Bengal fought against the East India Company’s Major Hector Munro at the Battle of Buxar on October 21, 1764.
Shah Alam II was confined in Allahabad fort and a pact was struck between the East India Company and the Mughals as a result of the defeat of the Mughals and their allies in this fight.
In 1765, Lord Clive of the East India Company and Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II signed a historic pact. Indian history was forever altered by this treaty, which was signed at the fort of Allahabad.
For his part, Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb’s confinement was stipulated in the Treaty of Allahabad and Allahabad was given to the British. When the Company was granted the Diwani of Bengal (which comprised Bihar and Orissa), it had entire control over Bengal’s income.
To put it another way, it was a turning moment for the East India Firm, which had previously been only a commercial company, to become an administrative one.
It was during this period between 1765 and 1800 CE that the East India Company’s infantry force was stationed within Allahabad Fort, which was owned by both Mughals and Nawabs of Awadh, at various times. Al-Allahabad was given to the East Indian Company in 1801 CE, paving the way for the city to become a British colony even before Delhi and Lucknow. Lord Wellesley, Governor-General of the East India Company, established Allahabad’s first tax settlement in 1803.
Allahabad in The Revolt of 1857
During the Revolt of 1857, the sixth Native Infantry stationed within the fort in Allahabad murdered several Englishmen. Maulvi Liaqat Ali of Kaushambi was a leader of the Allahabad uprising in the ancient city. At Khusro Bagh, he bravely battled and liberated Allahabad from British rule by establishing his governorship. As quickly as the British recovered control of Allahabad in two weeks, the city was retaken.
On June 11th, 1857, Madras Fusilier General James Neill marched into Allahabad and began slaughtering the locals. General Neill was known as the ‘Butcher of Allahabad’ for his role in the Battle of Allahabad.
Queen Victoria’s Proclamation
As soon as the Mutiny ended, Lord Charles Canning, the Governor-General of India at the time and a distant relative of Queen Victoria relocated to Allahabad. Finally, in November of 1858, Lord Canning read Queen Victoria’s proclamation that terminated the East India Company’s authority over India. As a result, Queen Victoria was elevated to the position of Empress of India and Lord Canning became her Viceroy.
The Indian subcontinent was now under the direct control of the British Empire. Lord Minto, the Governor-General of India, converted the area where Lord Canning read the historic proclamation into a park and erected a marble Proclamation Pillar on which the busts of Queen Victoria and King Edward VII were erected in 1908. A British cemetery, located next to Minto Park, is home to the remains of British officers and troops who perished during the Revolt of 1857. An archaeological survey in India has designated the area as a protected monument for the public’s safety and enjoyment.
Allahabad High Court
For a year in 1834, the Sadar Diwani Adalat was operational in Allahabad before being relocated to Agra. The Supreme Courts of Calcutta, Madras, and Bombay were abolished in 1861 when the Indian High Courts Act was approved by the British Parliament. High Court of the North-Western Provinces, established in 1866, was succeeded by Allahabad’s Sadar Diwani Adaalat of the Province in 1869, making it the fourth-oldest High Court in India.
On Queen’s Road, the Allahabad High Court was established earlier this year. As demand grew, a new facility was constructed in 1916 to handle the additional workload. On November 27, 1916, Lord Chelmsford officially opened the new High Court building. White sandstone was used to build this enormous dome, which has features of both Anglican and Indian architecture.
Cornelia Sorabji was appointed India’s first female counsel by the Allahabad High Court. As the busiest court in India, the Allahabad High Court has produced several notable lawyers, including the son of the first Indian judge of the Allahabad High Court Sir Saiyid Ahmed Khan, Motilal Nehru, Tej Bahadur Sapru, S K Dhar, and Kailash Nath Katju, among others of British and Indian origin.
Post Independence
There have been seven prime ministers from Allahabad since India gained independence, making it renowned as the “City of Prime Ministers” (Jawaharlal Nehru, Lal Bahadur Shastri, Indira Gandhi, Rajiv Gandhi, Gulzarilal Nanda, Vishwanath Pratap Singh and Chandra Shekhar). They were all born in Allahabad, attended Allahabad University, or were elected from a constituency in the city of Allahabad.
Geography
It is over 90 metres (295 feet) above sea level in Allahabad. There are several historic districts south of Allahabad Junction Railway Station, including Chowk, Johnstongunj, Dariyabad, Khuldabad, and a host of other smaller ones. Lukergunj, civil lines, Georgetown, Tagoretown, Allahpur, Ashok Nagar, Mumfordgunj, Bharadwaj Puram, and other newer neighbourhoods may be found to the north of the Railway Station.
As the city’s financial and commercial hub, the Civil Lines neighbourhood is known for its urban environment, gridiron-pattern streets, and skyscrapers. It was the greatest town-planning project in India prior to the construction of New Delhi, which was completed in 1857. Many of the city’s structures have Indo-Islamic and Indo-Saracenic design influences.
Heritage structures have been designated for a number of colonial buildings, although others are in decline. New Yamuna Bridge and Triveni Sangam are among the city’s most well-known attractions, as are the Allahabad Museum as well as the Allahabad University and Triveni Sangam. “PM2.5” (particulates smaller than 2.5 micrometres in diameter) particulates are found in the air of Allahabad, which has the third-highest mean concentration of PM2.5 among the 2972 cities examined by the World Health Organization’s Global Urban Ambient Air Pollution Database (after Zabol and Gwalior).
Topography
Two rivers meet at Allahabad: the Ganges and Yamuna. First known as the Kuru nation, then as the Vats land, the region has a long and rich history in antiquity. Bundelkhand is to the southwest; Baghelkhand is to the east and southeast; Awadh is to the north and northeast, and the lower doab is located to the west (of which Allahabad is part). An east-west railway divides the city in two. As a general rule, Civil Lines and Old Chowk are separated by around a half-mile of the railway. In both cultural and geographic terms, Allahabad is ideally situated. The Ganga-Yamuna Doab is located at the mouth of the Yamuna River, making it a part of India’s cultural west.
The longitude (25.15°N, 82.58°E) of Indian Standard Time (IST) is close to the city. Allahabad is located in a “low damage risk” wind and storm zone, according to a United Nations Development Program assessment. This area, like the rest of the doab, has mostly alluvial soil and water. At the north of the city, Pratapgarh is followed by Bhadohi (east), Rewa (south), Chitrakkout (west), and Kaushambi (north-west).
Biodiversity
It is located in the western Indus-Gangetic Plain section of the Ganga-Jamuna Doab. The city’s distinctive flora and wildlife may be attributed to the doab (particularly the Terai). Nearly half of the city’s vertebrates have been extinct since the introduction of humans. Others are in jeopardy of extinction or have had their ranges drastically limited.
As a result of habitat loss and the introduction of reptiles, snakes, and other animals, many bird species, especially great ones like eagles, became extinct around the world. There are four national museums in India, and one of them, the Allahabad Museum, is recording the Ganges and Yamuna’s flora and wildlife. A turtle sanctuary in Allahabad and a river biodiversity park in Sangam have been authorised as part of the Namami Gange plan to conserve the river’s rich aquatic life from rising human pressures.
Doves, peacocks, junglefowl, black partridge, house sparrows, songbirds, blue jays, parakeets, quails, bulbuls, and comb ducks are among the city’s most prevalent bird species. The Trans Yamuna region of Allahabad is home to large herds of deer. The Meja Forest Division in Allahabad is creating India’s first blackbuck conservation reserve. Additionally, reptiles including snakes, snake-like creatures like gharials, and lizards are found throughout the state. A high number of Siberian birds may be found in the Sangam and the surrounding marshes during the winter months.
Climate
Allahabad has a humid subtropical climate, called Cwa in the Köppen climatic classification, which is common to cities on the plains of North India. Monthly temperatures range from 18–29 C (64–84 F) with an annual mean of 26.1 C (79.0 °F). Three distinct seasons exist in Allahabad: a hot and dry summer; a chilly and dry winter; and a hot and humid monsoon season (from June to August). During the dry summer (March to May) and the hot and oppressively muggy monsoon season (from June to August), temperatures can soar to up to 48 degrees Celsius every day (from June to September). The monsoon season begins in June and lasts until August, with high humidity levels persisting into the fall.
The coldest months of the year are December through February when temperatures seldom fall below freezing. The maximum daily temperature is around 22 degrees Celsius (72 degrees Fahrenheit), while the minimum is around 9 degrees Celsius (48 degrees Fahrenheit).
While Allahabad does not get much snow, it does get a lot of winter fog because of the city’s many kinds of woods and coal fires, as well as the open burning of garbage. This causes significant traffic and travel delays. Its greatest and lowest recorded temperatures are both 48 degrees Celsius (118.4 degrees Fahrenheit).
Most of Allahabad’s yearly rainfall of 1,027 millimetres is brought in by the southwest monsoon’s Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea branches (40 in). 333 millimetres (13 inches) of rainfall is recorded in August, the wettest month of the year. The city has an annual average of 2,961 hours of sunshine, with the highest concentration in May.
Transportation and Utilities
Air
Allahabad Airport, which opened for business in February 1966, is the city’s primary international and domestic airport. Bamrauli, Allahabad, is home to the airport, which is located 7.5 miles from the city centre.
Air India’s regional branch Alliance Air connects Allahabad to Delhi and Bilaspur, while Indigo connects it to Bangalore, Mumbai, Kolkata, Raipur, Bhopal, Bhubaneswar and Gorakhpur by plane. Varanasi and Lucknow are the closest international airports.
When Henri Pequet flew 6,000 cards and messages from Allahabad to Naini in February of 1911, he became the first person in the world to fly airmail.
Railways
Allahabad Junction is an important railway junction in Northern India, with several trains connecting it to cities such as Delhi, Mumbai, Lucknow, Bhopal, Kolkata, and Jaipur. Allahabad Jn, Allahabad City, Naini, Prayag, Subedarganj, Bamhrauli, Ram Chaura Road, and Cheoki are some of Allahabad’s major railway stations.
Allahabad is easily accessible by train from all of the country’s main cities.
Roads
Buses run by the Uttar Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation and Allahabad City Transport Service are a popular mode of public transportation for getting about the city, state, and beyond. Rickshaws, or autorickshaws, have long been a popular means of travel. In Allahabad, cycle rickshaws and e-rickshaws are the most cost-effective modes of transportation.
Allahabad is crossed by several significant national highways.
Allahabad’s cable-stayed New Yamuna Bridge (constructed 2001–04) spans the Yamuna River and links the city to the Naini neighbourhood. The railway and automobile traffic are now accommodated on the Old Naini Bridge. Allahabad and Jhusi are also connected by a road bridge that spans the Ganges. Allahabad and Haldia are connected by National Waterway 1, India’s longest waterway.
Culture
Literature
Allahabad, the former capital of the United Provinces, is mentioned in the Vedas, the Ramayana, and the Mahabharata as Prayag. The Chinese travellers Faxian and Xuanzang discovered a prosperous metropolis in the fifth and seventh centuries, respectively, at Allahabad, which has been dubbed the “literary capital of Uttar Pradesh.” In 2010, 98,167 international visitors visited the city, the majority of them were Asians, and this figure climbed to 1,07,141 in 2014.
Political graffiti, such as limericks and caricatures, has a long history in the city. Chintamani Ghosh founded Saraswati, India’s first Hindi-language monthly magazine, in 1900. From 1903 through 1920, it was edited by Mahavir Prasad Dwivedi, the doyen of contemporary Hindi literature. The Gandhi-Nehru family’s memorabilia may be found at the Anand Bhavan, which was erected in the 1930s as a new house for the Nehru family after the Swaraj Bhavan became the local Indian National Congress headquarters.
Authors such as Mahadevi Varma, Sumitranandan Pant, Suryakant Tripathi ‘Nirala’, and Harivansh Rai Bachchan modernised Hindi literature throughout the 19th and 20th centuries.
Raghupati Sahay, also known as Firaq Gorakhpuri, was a well-known poet. Jnanpith Awards were given to Gorakhpuri and Varma. Allahabad is known for publishing Hindi literature such as the Lok Bharti, Rajkamal, and Neelabh. In the city, Persian and Urdu literature are also studied.
Nooh Narwi, Tegh Allahabadi, Shabnam Naqvi, and Rashid Allahabadi are all from Allahabad, while Akbar Allahabadi is a well-known modern Urdu poet. Rudyard Kipling, an English novelist and Nobel Laureate in 1907, worked as an assistant editor and abroad reporter for The Pioneer.
Entertainment and Recreation
Historic, cultural, and religious tourism are all popular in Allahabad. Alfred Park, the Victoria and Thornhill Mayne Memorials, Minto Park, Allahabad Fort, the Ashoka Pillar, and Khusro Bagh are all historic landmarks. The Kumbh Mela, the Triveni Sangam, and All Saints Cathedral are all religious attractions.
Every twelve years, the city hosts the Maha Kumbh Mela, the world’s biggest religious gathering, and every six years, the Ardh (half) Kumbh Mela. The Allahabad Museum, the Jawahar Planetarium, and the University of Allahabad are among the city’s cultural attractions. The North Central Zone Culture Centre, which is run by the Ministry of Culture and Prayag Sangeet Samiti, is a nationally famous centre for arts, dance, music, local folk dance and music, plays/theatre, and other forms of entertainment that supports and nurtures young talents. Prayag has also held the Prayag International Film Festival.
Education
The educational system of Allahabad differs from that of other cities in Uttar Pradesh, with a focus on a wide education. The city is home to the Board of High School and Intermediate Education Uttar Pradesh, the world’s largest examination body. Even though most private institutions teach in English, government schools and universities provide Hindi and English-medium education.
The 10+2+3 system is used in Allahabad schools. Students often enrol in upper secondary institutions associated with the Uttar Pradesh Board of High School and Intermediate Education, the ICSE, or the CBSE after finishing their secondary education, and specialising in liberal arts, business, or science. There are additional vocational programmes offered.
Students come from all around India to study at Allahabad. There is one central university, two state universities, and one open university in the city as of 2017. The state’s oldest institution, Allahabad University, was founded in 1876. Allahabad’s Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology is a well-known technological institute.
Sam Higginbottom Institution of Agriculture, Technology, and Sciences is an autonomous Christian minority university in Allahabad that was founded in 1910 as an “Agricultural Institute.” The Indian Institute of Information Technology – Allahabad, Motilal Nehru Medical College, Ewing Christian College, Harish-Chandra Research Institute, Govind Ballabh Pant Social Science Institute, and Allahabad State University are among noteworthy institutions in Allahabad.
Conclusion
Prayagraj is the site of the earliest Hindu and Buddhist sites in India. The place has seen ups and downs but always managed to survive.
The Prayagraj region has been an integral part of Indian History since ancient times, with its earliest Buddhist sites dating back to the 3rd century BC. The site has seen both ups and downs throughout time, but it has managed to remain.
In conclusion, I believe that Ancient City – Prayagraj is a necessary site for travellers. It is a fascinating and historical site that will greatly increase your understanding of Indian history with its many monuments and tales. This ancient city is considered one of India’s holiest sites. With all of these religious sites, there should be more travel opportunities to the site. This ancient city should become a popular tourist destination.