This puja should be performed by families experiencing persistent hardships believed to stem from Pitru Dosha (ancestral affliction) caused by an ancestor’s unnatural or untimely death. Problems can include chronic illness, financial struggles, obstacles in marriage or childbirth, accidents, family conflicts, or experiences of negative or paranormal events. Usually, a male descendant (like the eldest son) performs the core rites, but other family members facing these issues can initiate or participate.