How is Pitrudosh identified in a horoscope?

Vedic astrologers identify Pitrudosh primarily when Rahu or Ketu conjuncts the Sun in the ninth house (the house of ancestors and fortune) of a birth chart. A Sun-Rahu combination here is the strongest indicator. Saturn aspecting or placed in the ninth house alongside these planets intensifies the dosh. Some traditions also check the Moon-Rahu conjunction in the ninth house and afflictions to the ninth lord. A qualified jyotishi analyses the full chart before confirming Pitrudosh, since planetary positions in other houses can modify its severity.