What are the 12 Jyotirlingas and their locations in India?

The 12 Jyotirlingas are the 12 most sacred abodes of Lord Shiva, each marked by a self-manifested (svayambhu) lingam of light (jyoti) according to the Shiva Purana. They are: 1. Somnath (Gujarat) — the first Jyotirlinga, restored multiple times after invasions. 2. Mallikarjuna (Andhra Pradesh) at Srisailam. 3. Mahakaleshwar (Madhya Pradesh) at Ujjain — the only south-facing lingam. 4. Omkareshwar (Madhya Pradesh) on Shivapuri island in the Narmada. 5. Kedarnath (Uttarakhand) in the Himalayas. 6. Bhimashankar (Maharashtra) in the Sahyadri hills. 7. Kashi Vishwanath (Varanasi, UP) — the most famous. 8. Trimbakeshwar (Maharashtra) near Nashik, source of Godavari. 9. Vaidyanath (Jharkhand) at Deoghar, also called Baba Baidyanath Dham. 10. Nageshwar (Gujarat) near Dwarka. 11. Rameshwar (Tamil Nadu) at Rameswaram — also a Char Dham site. 12. Grishneshwar (Maharashtra) near Ellora caves. According to the Shiva Purana Koti Rudra Samhita, visiting all 12 Jyotirlingas grants liberation from the cycle of rebirth. The list has been chanted in the Dvadasha Jyotirlinga Stotram for centuries.