What are the 9 Grahas (Navagraha) in Vedic Astrology?

The Navagraha (nine celestial influencers) in Vedic Astrology are not merely planets — they include the Sun, Moon, and two mathematical points (Rahu and Ketu). In order: 1. Surya (Sun) — the soul (Atma Karaka), ego, father, authority, government. Ruled sign: Leo. 2. Chandra (Moon) — the mind, emotions, mother, fertility. Ruled sign: Cancer. 3. Mangal (Mars) — courage, energy, siblings, property, war. Ruled signs: Aries, Scorpio. Responsible for Manglik Dosha. 4. Budha (Mercury) — intellect, speech, commerce, learning. Ruled signs: Gemini, Virgo. 5. Guru/Brihaspati (Jupiter) — wisdom, dharma, children, fortune, guru. Ruled signs: Sagittarius, Pisces. The most benefic planet. 6. Shukra (Venus) — love, beauty, wealth, marriage, arts. Ruled signs: Taurus, Libra. 7. Shani (Saturn) — karma, discipline, suffering, longevity, justice. Ruled signs: Capricorn, Aquarius. Responsible for Sade Sati. 8. Rahu (North Node) — obsession, illusion, foreign, unconventional. Shadow planet (mathematical point). Responsible for Kaal Sarp Dosh when aligned with Ketu. 9. Ketu (South Node) — detachment, moksha, past-life karma, spiritual liberation. Shadow planet. The Navagraha puja at Prayagraj or Ujjain is prescribed for planetary afflictions and is a core remedy for Pitru Dosh and Kaal Sarp Dosh.